加工与贮藏条件对偃松种鳞精油抑菌活性和功能稳定性的影响

以偃松(Pinus pumila)种鳞为试验材料,采用盐析辅助水蒸气蒸馏法提取精油;以大肠杆菌(Esche-richia coli)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella)4种常见腐败菌为供试菌,以抑菌圈直径、最低抑菌浓度、最低杀菌浓度为评价指标,分析热、酸碱性、光照、金属离子和壳聚糖等处理条件对偃松种鳞精油抑菌活性和功能稳定性的影响.结果表明:偃松种鳞精油对4种供试菌种均有明显的抑菌效果,对革兰氏阴性菌的抑菌效果强于对革兰氏阳性菌的抑菌效果.精油抑菌稳定性试验表明,4℃长时间贮藏、25℃短时间处理、紫外线处理,对精油抑菌活性无显著影响;在60、80℃处理时,精油的抑菌活性明显下降;而酸性、金属离子(CaCl2、KCl、FeCl3、FeCl2)、壳聚糖处理时,均提高了种鳞精油的抑菌活性.     

BH-VDT大尺寸垂直钻井工具设计优化与应用

渤海钻探公司自主研发的BH-VDT5000垂直钻井工具一般适用于φ406.4～φ444.5mm井眼尺寸的垂直钻井要求,不能满足新疆油田南缘区块井二开φ571.5mm井眼的垂直钻进的使用条件.针对新疆油田南缘区块的井身结构及施工难点,对BH-VDT5000垂直钻井工具重新进行了优化设计,每面推靠翼厚度增加至143.25mm,并对垂直钻井工具锁紧装置的材质和强度进行了优化升级,优化后工具的整体抗扭和抗拉性能得到了大幅度提高,可满足BH-VDT5000垂直钻井工具悬挂大尺寸推靠翼在大井眼砾岩中的钻进要求.优化后的垂直钻井工具在南缘区块天湾1井φ571.5mm井眼中首次应用便取得成功,总进尺2570m,单趟钻最长入井时间达到了308h,施工过程中工具性能稳定,井身质量控制优良.该技术的应用成功为南缘区块大井眼垂直钻井的需求提供了优质保障,并为BH VDT6000系列大尺寸垂直钻井工具研究提供了技术参考.     

玉米秸秆基纤维素保水剂对土壤持水性能及冬小麦根系生长的影响

为探讨自制的玉米秸秆基纤维素保水剂(SAP)在农业生产上的应用潜力,利用扫描电镜表征了SAP吸水前后形貌变化,探究了SAP施用量对土壤持水性能和不同程度水分胁迫下冬小麦根系生长的影响。结果表明：SAP在土壤中吸水膨胀后降低了土壤容重,土壤最大水分含量较不施SAP显著提高19.1%~67.6%,同时降低了前3天土壤水分蒸发速率。轻度（60%~70%田间持水量）和中度（40%~50%田间持水量）水分胁迫下,施用0.4% w/w SAP处理冬小麦总根长提高15.9%和24.7%,根系活力提高29.6%和43.5%,但充足供水（75%~90%田间持水量）时施用SAP对冬小麦根系活力无显著影响。因此,玉米秸秆基纤维素保水剂施入土壤后能够改善土壤持水性能,从而缓解水分胁迫对冬小麦根系生长的抑制效应。     

Molecular Characterization of the Von Willebrand Factor Type D Domain of Vitellogenin from Takifugu flavidus

The von Willebrand factor type D (VWD) domain in vitellogenin has recently been found to bind tetrodotoxin. The way in which this protein domain associates with tetrodotoxin and participates in transporting tetrodotoxin in vivo remains unclear. A cDNA fragment of the vitellogenin gene containing the VWD domain from pufferfish (Takifugu flavidus) (TfVWD) was cloned. Using in silico structural and docking analyses of the predicted protein, we determined that key amino acids (namely, Val¹¹⁵, ASP¹¹⁶, Val¹¹⁷, and Lys¹²²) in TfVWD mediate its binding to tetrodotoxin, which was supported by in vitro surface plasmon resonance analysis. Moreover, incubating recombinant rTfVWD together with tetrodotoxin attenuated its toxicity in vivo, further supporting protein–toxin binding and indicating associated toxicity-neutralizing effects. Finally, the expression profiling of TfVWD across different tissues and developmental stages indicated that its distribution patterns mirrored those of tetrodotoxin, suggesting that TfVWD may be involved in tetrodotoxin transport in pufferfish. For the first time, this study reveals the amino acids that mediate the binding of TfVWD to tetrodotoxin and provides a basis for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying the enrichment and transfer of tetrodotoxin in pufferfish.     

不同施用方式下甲哌鎓与矮壮素对棉花生长调控效果研究

为探索植物生长调节剂甲哌鎓、矮壮素在棉花控旺防徒长、增产等方面的调控效果，于2017年采用高喷雾量和常规量喷雾两种施药方式，分别于棉花初花期、盛花期和花铃期进行2～3次喷施，研究了98%甲哌鎓SP和50%矮壮素AS对棉花生长调控的影响。结果表明，98%甲哌鎓SP 73.5～117.6 g·hm^－2和50%矮壮素AS 37.5～60 g·hm^－2对棉花生长均有一定程度的调控作用，尤其对棉花株高、吐絮率、果枝数均有显著影响，且常规喷雾量处理对株高抑制效果优于高喷雾量处理。同时，二者均可显著提高棉花产量，改善棉纤维品质。相同施药方式下，甲哌鎓和矮壮素于棉花初花期、盛花期喷施2次对棉花生长调控效果更好。     

Predictive Modeling for Growth and Enterotoxin Production of Staphylococcus aureus in Milk

Predictive microbiology was utilized to model Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) growth and staphylococcal enterotoxin A(SEA) production in milk in this study. The modified logistic model, modified Gompertz model and Baranyi model were applied to model growth data of S. aureus between 15℃ and 37℃. Model comparisons indicated that Baranyi model described the growth data more accurately than two others with a mean square error of 0.0129. Growth rates generated from Baranyi model matched the observed ones with a bias factor of 0.999 and an accuracy factor of 1.01, and fit a square root model with respect to temperature; other two modified models both overestimated the observed ones. SEA amount began to be detected when the cell number reached 10~(6.4) cfu · mL~(-1), and showed the linear correlation with time. Besides, the rate of SEA production fitted an exponential relationship as a function of temperature. Predictions based on the study could be applied to indicate possible growth of S. aureus and prevent the occurrence of staphylococcal food poisoning.     

有效防治甜菜夜蛾的Bt毒素种类及其应用前景

甜菜夜蛾对不同种类Bt毒素的敏感性存在差异。归纳总结了可有效防治甜菜夜蛾的Bt毒素种类、作用效果，并简述其应用前景，以期为提高Bt毒素对甜菜夜蛾控制力度提供依据。     

小麦赤霉病自动监测预警系统应用效果评价

2018年在江苏、陕西、河南、湖北、安徽共18个县(市)安装了小麦赤霉病预报器,在周边设置未防治麦田进行赤霉病调查,并与预警软件平台预测结果相比较,评价小麦赤霉自动监测预警系统的准确性。评价结果表明,2018年该系统预测的准确性达71.8%。结合陕西省植保总站、西安市植保站、渭南华州区植保站、商洛洛南县植保站、安徽凤台县植保站2016年-2018年对该系统的评价结果,证实该系统预测准确性较高,系统工作稳定,自动化程度高,可为小麦赤霉病的科学防控提供重要的参考依据,具有一定的应用前景。     

小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基缺失品质效应研究进展

高分子量谷蛋白亚基（high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits,HMW-GS）是小麦籽粒贮藏蛋白的重要组成成分,其数量和质量与品质密切相关。聚合优质HMW-GS可改良强筋小麦制品面包品质,相反HMW-GS缺失可能在弱筋小麦制品饼干、糕点或其他特色食品品质改良上具有重要应用价值。本文从小麦HMW-GS缺失的类型和机制、贮藏蛋白组分和蛋白体发育、面粉和面团品质效应以及食品加工品质改良等方面进行了综述,分析了当前小麦HMW-GS缺失研究利用中存在的问题,并对未来研究方向进行了展望。